Reference List: Electronic Sources. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g 16 hours ago · Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts, purdue owl apa paper outline. Writing Lab Purdue OWL Research Contact Site Map. Research and Citation APA Style 7th Edition APA Formatting and Style Guide 7th Purdue owl apa paper outline. Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. APA Sample Paper Note: This page reflects the The Purdue Online Writing Lab Welcome to the Purdue OWL. We offer free resources including Writing and Teaching Writing, Research, Grammar and Mechanics, Style Guides, ESL (English as a Second Language), and Job Search and Professional Writing
MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources // Purdue Writing Lab
This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.
Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. MLA Modern Language Association style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook 8 th ed. The following overview should help you better understand how to cite sources using MLA eighth edition, including how to format the Works Cited page and in-text citations.
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in MLA. See also our MLA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel. MLA is a style of documentation that may be applied to many different types of writing, purdue owl online.
Since texts have become increasingly digital, and the same document may often be found in several different sources, following a set of rigid rules no longer suffices. Thus, the purdue owl online system is based purdue owl online a few guiding principles, rather than an purdue owl online list of specific rules.
While the handbook still describes how to cite sources, it is organized according to the process of documentation, rather than by the sources themselves. This gives writers a flexible method that is near-universally applicable. Once you are familiar with the method, you can use it to document any type of source, purdue owl online, for any type of paper, in any field. When deciding how to cite your source, start by consulting the list of core elements.
These are the general pieces of information that MLA suggests including in each Works Cited entry. In your citation, the elements should be listed in the following order:. Each element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above. Earlier editions of the handbook included the place of publication and required different punctuation such as journal editions in parentheses and colons after issue numbers depending on the type of source.
In the current version, punctuation is simpler only commas and periods separate the elementsand information about the source is kept to the basics. End this element with a period. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, Depending upon the type of source, it should be listed in italics or quotation marks. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, An individual webpage should be in quotation marks.
The name of the parent website, purdue owl online, which MLA treats as a "container," should follow in italics:. Lundman, Susan. Bagchi, Alaknanda. A song or piece of music on an album should be in quotation marks.
The name of the album should then follow in italics:. Unlike earlier versions, the eighth edition refers to "containers," which are the larger wholes in which the source is located. For example, if you want to cite a poem that is listed in a collection of purdue owl online, the individual poem is the source, while the larger collection is the container. The title of the container is usually italicized and followed by a comma, since the information that follows next describes the container.
Kincaid, Jamaica. Wise, DeWanda. Accessed 3 June In some cases, a container might be within a larger container. You might have read a book of short stories on Google Booksor watched a television series on Netflix. You might have found the electronic version of a journal on JSTOR.
It is important to cite these containers within containers so that your readers can find the exact source that you used. Netflix, www. Langhamer, Claire. ProQuest, doi Accessed 27 May In addition to the author, there may be other contributors to the source who should be credited, such as editors, illustrators, translators, etc. If their contributions are relevant to your research, or necessary to identify the source, include their names in your documentation.
Note : In the eighth edition, terms like editor, illustrator, translator, etc. Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Translated by Richard HowardVintage-Random House, Woolf, Virginia. Annotated and with an introduction by Vara Neverow, Harcourt, Inc.
The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, Crowley, purdue owl online, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee. Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. If a source is part of a numbered sequence, such as a multi-volume book or journal with both volume and issue numbers, those numbers must be listed in your citation. Dolby, Nadine. Accessed 20 May Institutio Oratoria. Purdue owl online by Purdue owl online. Butler, vol.
The publisher produces or purdue owl online the source to the public. Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive, www. Accessed May Women's Health: Problems of the Digestive System. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Daniels, Greg and Michael Schur, creators. Parks and Recreation. Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, The same source may have been published on more than one date, such as an online version of an original source.
For example, a television series might have aired on a broadcast network on one date, but released on Netflix on a different date. When the source has more than one date, it is sufficient to use the date that is most relevant to your writing. Below is a general citation for this television episode:.
However, purdue owl online, if you are discussing, for example, the historical context in which the episode originally aired, you should cite the full date. Purdue owl online, Chimamanda Ngozi. Knopf,pp. The location of an online work should include a URL.
Wheelis, Mark. Accessed 8 Feb. When citing a physical object that you experienced firsthand, identify the place of location. Purdue owl online, Henri. The Swimming Pool. The eighth edition is designed to be as streamlined as possible, purdue owl online. The author should include any information that helps readers easily identify the source, without including unnecessary information that may be distracting. If a source has been published on more than one date, the writer may want to include both dates if it will provide the reader with necessary or helpful information.
Erdrich, Louise. Love Medicine. Perennial-Harper, The seventh edition handbook required the city in which a publisher is located, but the eighth edition states that this is only necessary in purdue owl online instances, such as in a work published before
That vs. Which: What's the Difference?
, time: 5:05Reference List: Electronic Sources // Purdue Writing Lab
Reference List: Electronic Sources. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g Purdue Online Programs. Our rigorous online programs allow you to earn a prestigious Purdue degree — anytime and from anywhere. Attend live virtual seminars, interact with faculty and other students and access online resources whenever you need them. Learn More. Tuition Information. Financial planning is an important step in deciding which program best suits your needs. All Purdue The Purdue Online Writing Lab Welcome to the Purdue OWL. We offer free resources including Writing and Teaching Writing, Research, Grammar and Mechanics, Style Guides, ESL (English as a Second Language), and Job Search and Professional Writing
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